2002年6月29日第九届全国人民代表大会 常务委员会第二十八次会议通过第一章 总 则 第一条 为了规范政府采购 行为，提高政府采购资金的使用效益，维护国家利益和社会 公共利益，保护政府采购当事人的合
| 2002年6月29日第九届全国人民代表大会 常务委员会第二十八次会议通过 |
| 第一章 总 则 第一条 为了规范政府采购 行为，提高政府采购资金的使用效益，维护国家利益和社会 公共利益，保护政府采购当事人的合法权益，促进廉政建设，制定本法。 第二条 在中华人民共和国境内进行的政府采购适用本法。 本法所称政府采购，是指各级国家机关、事业单位和团体组织，使用财政性资金采购依 法制定的集中采购目录以内的或者采购限额标准以上的货物、工程和服务的行为。政府集中采购目录和采购限额标准依照本法规定的权限制定。本法所称采购，是指以合同方式有偿取得货物、工程和服务的行为，包括购买、租赁、委托、雇用等。 本法所称货物，是指各种形态和种类的物品，包括原材料、燃料、设备、产品等。 本法所称工程，是指建设工程，包括建筑物和构筑物的新建、改建、扩建、装修、拆除、修缮等。 本法所称服务，是指除货物和工程以外的其他政府采购对象。 第三条 政府采购应当遵循公开透明原则、公平竞争原则、公正原则和诚实信用原则。 第四条 政府采购工程进行招标投标的，适用招标投标法。 第五条 任何单位和个人不得采用任何方式，阻挠和限制供应商自由进入本地区和本行 业的政府采购市场。 第六条 政府采购应当严格按照批准的预算执行。 第七条 政府采购实行集中采购和分散采购相结合。集中采购的范围由省级以上人民政 府公布的集中采购目录确定。 属于中央预算的政府采购项目，其集中采购目录由国务院确定并公布；属于地方预算的 政府采购项目，其集中采购目录由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或者其授权的机构确定并公布。 纳入集中采购目录的政府采购项目，应当实行集中采购。 第八条 政府采购限额标准，属于中央预算的政府采购项目，由国务院确定并公布；属 于地方预算的政府采购项目，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或者其授权的机构确定并公布。 第九条 政府采购应当有助于实现国家的经济和社会发展政策目标，包括保护环境，扶 持不发达地区和少数民族地区，促进中小企业发展等。 第十条 政府采购应当采购本国货物、工程和服务。但有下列情形之一的除外： （一）需要采购的货物、工程或者服务在中国境内无法获取或者无法以合理的商业条件 获取的； （二）为在中国境外使用而进行采购的； （三）其他法律、行政法规另有规定的。 前款所称本国货物、工程和服务的界定，依照国务院有关规定执行。 第十一条 政府采购的信息应当在政府采购监督管理部门指定的媒体上及时向社会公开 发布，但涉及商业秘密的除外。 第十二条 在政府采购活动中，采购人员及相关人员与供应商有利害关系的，必须回避。 供应商认为采购人员及相关人员与其他供应商有利害关系的，可以申请其回避。前款所称相关人员，包括招标采购中评标委员会的组成人员，竞争性谈判采购中谈判小 组的组成人员，询价采购中询价小组的组成人员等。 第十三条 各级人民政府财政部门是负责政府采购监督管理的部门，依法履行对政府采 购活动的监督管理职责。 各级人民政府其他有关部门依法履行与政府采购活动有关的监督管理职责。 第二章 政府采购当事人 第十四条 政府采购当事人是指在政府采购活动中享有权利和承担义务的各类主体，包 括采购人、供应商和采购代理机构等。 第十五条 采购人是指依法进行政府采购的国家机关、事业单位、团体组织。 第十六条 集中采购机构为采购代理机构。设区的市、自治州以上人民政府根据本级政 府采购项目组织集中采购的需要设立集中采购机构。集中采购机构是非营利事业法人，根据采购人的委托办理采购事宜。 第十七条 集中采购机构进行政府采购活动，应当符合采购价格低于市场平均价格、采 购效率更高、采购质量优良和服务良好的要求。 第十八条 采购人采购纳入集中采购目录的政府采购项目，必须委托集中采购机构代理 采购；采购未纳入集中采购目录的政府采购项目，可以自行采购，也可以委托集中采购机构在委托的范围内代理采购。 纳入集中采购目录属于通用的政府采购项目的，应当委托集中采购机构代理采购；属于 本部门、本系统有特殊要求的项目，应当实行部门集中采购；属于本单位有特殊要求的项目，经省级以上人民政府批准，可以自行采购。 第十九条 采购人可以委托经国务院有关部门或者省级人民政府有关部门认定资格的采 购代理机构，在委托的范围内办理政府采购事宜。 采购人有权自行选择采购代理机构，任何单位和个人不得以任何方式为采购人指定采购 代理机构。 第二十条 采购人依法委托采购代理机构办理采购事宜的，应当由采购人与采购代理机 构签订委托代理协议，依法确定委托代理的事项，约定双方的权利义务。 第二十一条 供应商是指向采购人提供货物、工程或者服务的法人、其他组织或者自然 人。 第二十二条 供应商参加政府采购活动应当具备下列条件： （一）具有独立承担民事责任的能力； （二）具有良好的商业信誉和健全的财务会计制度； （三）具有履行合同所必需的设备和专业技术能力； （四）有依法缴纳税收和社会保障资金的良好记录； （五）参加政府采购活动前三年内，在经营活动中没有重大违法记录； （六）法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。 采购人可以根据采购项目的特殊要求，规定供应商的特定条件，但不得以不合理的条件 对供应商实行差别待遇或者歧视待遇。 第二十三条 采购人可以要求参加政府采购的供应商提供有关资质证明文件和业绩情况，并 根据本法规定的供应商条件和采购项目对供应商的特定要求，对供应商的资格进行审查。 第二十四条 两个以上的自然人、法人或者其他组织可以组成一个联合体，以一个供应 商的身份共同参加政府采购。 以联合体形式进行政府采购的，参加联合体的供应商均应当具备本法第二十二条规定的 条件，并应当向采购人提交联合协议，载明联合体各方承担的工作和义务。联合体各方应当共同与采购人签订采购合同，就采购合同约定的事项对采购人承担连带责任。 第二十五条 政府采购当事人不得相互串通损害国家利益、社会公共利益和其他当事人 的合法权益；不得以任何手段排斥其他供应商参与竞争。供应商不得以向采购人、采购代理机构、评标委员会的组成人员、竞争性谈判小组的组 成人员、询价小组的组成人员行贿或者采取其他不正当手段谋取中标或者成交。 采购代理机构不得以向采购人行贿或者采取其他不正当手段谋取非法利益。 第三章政府采购方式 第二十六条 政府采购采用以下方式： （一）公开招标； （二）邀请招标； （三）竞争性谈判； （四）单一来源采购； （五）询价； （六）国务院政府采购监督管理部门认定的其他采购方式。 公开招标应作为政府采购的主要采购方式。 第二十七条 采购人采购货物或者服务应当采用公开招标方式的，其具体数额标准，属 于中央预算的政府采购项目，由国务院规定；属于地方预算的政府采购项目，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定；因特殊情况需要采用公开招标以外的采购方式的，应当在采购活动开 始前获得设区的市、自治州以上人民政府采购监督管理部门的批准。 第二十八条 采购人不得将应当以公开招标方式采购的货物或者服务化整为零或者以其 他任何方式规避公开招标采购。 第二十九条 符合下列情形之一的货物或者服务，可以依照本法采用邀请招标方式采购： （一）具有特殊性，只能从有限范围的供应商处采购的； （二）采用公开招标方式的费用占政府采购项目总价值的比例过大的。 第三十条 符合下列情形之一的货物或者服务，可以依照本法采用竞争性谈判方式采购： （一）招标后没有供应商投标或者没有合格标的或者重新招标未能成立的； （二）技术复杂或者性质特殊，不能确定详细规格或者具体要求的； （三）采用招标所需时间不能满足用户紧急需要的； （四）不能事先计算出价格总额的。 第三十一条 符合下列情形之一的货物或者服务，可以依照本法采用单一来源方式采购： （一）只能从唯一供应商处采购的； （二）发生了不可预见的紧急情况不能从其他供应商处采购的； （三）必须保证原有采购项目一致性或者服务配套的要求，需要继续从原供应商处添购， 且添购资金总额不超过原合同采购金额百分之十的。 第三十二条 采购的货物规格、标准统一、现货货源充足且价格变化幅度小的政府采购 项目，可以依照本法采用询价方式采购。 第四章 政府采购程序 第三十三条 负有编制部门预算职责的部门在编制下一财政年度部门预算时，应当将该 财政年度政府采购的项目及资金预算列出，报本级财政部门汇总。部门预算的审批，按预算管理权限和程序进行。 第三十四条 货物或者服务项目采取邀请招标方式采购的，采购人应当从符合相应资格 条件的供应商中，通过随机方式选择三家以上的供应商，并向其发出投标邀请书。 第三十五条 货物和服务项目实行招标方式采购的，自招标文件开始发出之日起至投标 人提交投标文件截止之日止，不得少于二十日。 第三十六条 在招标采购中，出现下列情形之一的，应予废标： （一）符合专业条件的供应商或者对招标文件作实质响应的供应商不足三家的； （二）出现影响采购公正的违法、违规行为的； （三）投标人的报价均超过了采购预算，采购人不能支付的； （四）因重大变故，采购任务取消的。 废标后，采购人应当将废标理由通知所有投标人。 第三十七条 废标后，除采购任务取消情形外，应当重新组织招标；需要采取其他方式 采购的，应当在采购活动开始前获得设区的市、自治州以上人民政府采购监督管理部门或者政府有关部门批准。 第三十八条 采用竞争性谈判方式采购的，应当遵循下列程序： （一）成立谈判小组。谈判小组由采购人的代表和有关专家共三人以上的单数组成，其 中专家的人数不得少于成员总数的三分之二。 （二）制定谈判文件。谈判文件应当明确谈判程序、谈判内容、合同草案的条款以及评 定成交的标准等事项。 （三）确定邀请参加谈判的供应商名单。谈判小组从符合相应资格条件的供应商名单中 确定不少于三家的供应商参加谈判，并向其提供谈判文件。 （四）谈判。谈判小组所有成员集中与单一供应商分别进行谈判。在谈判中，谈判的任 何一方不得透露与谈判有关的其他供应商的技术资料、价格和其他信息。谈判文件有实质性变动的，谈判小组应当以书面形式通知所有参加谈判的供应商。 （五）确定成交供应商。谈判结束后，谈判小组应当要求所有参加谈判的供应商在规定 时间内进行最后报价，采购人从谈判小组提出的成交候选人中根据符合采购需求、质量和服务相等且报价最低的原则确定成交供应商，并将结果通知所有参加谈判的未成交的供应商。 第三十九条 采取单一来源方式采购的，采购人与供应商应当遵循本法规定的原则，在 保证采购项目质量和双方商定合理价格的基础上进行采购。 第四十条 采取询价方式采购的，应当遵循下列程序： （一）成立询价小组。询价小组由采购人的代表和有关专家共三人以上的单数组成，其 中专家的人数不得少于成员总数的三分之二。询价小组应当对采购项目的价格构成和评定成交的标准等事项作出规定。 （二）确定被询价的供应商名单。询价小组根据采购需求，从符合相应资格条件的供应 商名单中确定不少于三家的供应商，并向其发出询价通知书让其报价。 （三）询价。询价小组要求被询价的供应商一次报出不得更改的价格。 （四）确定成交供应商。采购人根据符合采购需求、质量和服务相等且报价最低的原则 确定成交供应商，并将结果通知所有被询价的未成交的供应商。 第四十一条 采购人或者其委托的采购代理机构应当组织对供应商履约的验收。大型或 者复杂的政府采购项目，应当邀请国家认可的质量检测机构参加验收工作。验收方成员应当在验收书上签字，并承担相应的法律责任。 第四十二条 采购人、采购代理机构对政府采购项目每项采购活动的采购文件应当妥善 保存，不得伪造、变造、隐匿或者销毁。采购文件的保存期限为从采购结束之日起至少保存十五年。 采购文件包括采购活动记录、采购预算、招标文件、投标文件、评标标准、评估报告、 定标文件、合同文本、验收证明、质疑答复、投诉处理决定及其他有关文件、资料。采购活动记录至少应当包括下列内容： （一）采购项目类别、名称； （二）采购项目预算、资金构成和合同价格； （三）采购方式，采用公开招标以外的采购方式的，应当载明原因； （四）邀请和选择供应商的条件及原因； （五）评标标准及确定中标人的原因； （六）废标的原因； （七）采用招标以外采购方式的相应记载。 第五章 政府采购合同 第四十三条 政府采购合同适用合同法。采购人和供应商之间的权利和义务，应当按照 平等、自愿的原则以合同方式约定。 采购人可以委托采购代理机构代表其与供应商签订政府采购合同。由采购代理机构以采购人名义签订合同的，应当提交采购人的授权委托书，作为合同附件。 第四十四条 政府采购合同应当采用书面形式。 第四十五条 国务院政府采购监督管理部门应当会同国务院有关部门，规定政府采购合 同必须具备的条款。 第四十六条 采购人与中标、成交供应商应当在中标、成交通知书发出之日起三十日内， 按照采购文件确定的事项签订政府采购合同。中标、成交通知书对采购人和中标、成交供应商均具有法律效力。中标、成交通知书发 出后，采购人改变中标、成交结果的，或者中标、成交供应商放弃中标、成交项目的，应当依法承担法律责任。 第四十七条 政府采购项目的采购合同自签订之日起七个工作日内，采购人应当将合同 副本报同级政府采购监督管理部门和有关部门备案。 第四十八条 经采购人同意，中标、成交供应商可以依法采取分包方式履行合同。 政府采购合同分包履行的，中标、成交供应商就采购项目和分包项目向采购人负责，分包供应商就分包项目承担责任。 第四十九条 政府采购合同履行中，采购人需追加与合同标的相同的货物、工程或者服 务的，在不改变合同其他条款的前提下，可以与供应商协商签订补充合同，但所有补充合同的采购金额不得超过原合同采购金额的百分之十。 第五十条 政府采购合同的双方当事人不得擅自变更、中止或者终止合同。 政府采购合同继续履行将损害国家利益和社会公共利益的，双方当事人应当变更、中止或者终止合同。有过错的一方应当承担赔偿责任，双方都有过错的，各自承担相应的责任。 第六章 质疑与投诉 第五十一条 供应商对政府采购活动事项有疑问的，可以向采购人提出询问，采购人应 当及时作出答复，但答复的内容不得涉及商业秘密。 第五十二条 供应商认为采购文件、采购过程和中标、成交结果使自己的权益受到损害 的，可以在知道或者应知其权益受到损害之日起七个工作日内，以书面形式向采购人提出质疑。 第五十三条 采购人应当在收到供应商的书面质疑后七个工作日内作出答复，并以书面 形式通知质疑供应商和其他有关供应商，但答复的内容不得涉及商业秘密。 第五十四条 采购人委托采购代理机构采购的，供应商可以向采购代理机构提出询问或 者质疑，采购代理机构应当依照本法第五十一条、第五十三条的规定就采购人委托授权范围内的事项作出答复。 第五十五条 质疑供应商对采购人、采购代理机构的答复不满意或者采购人、采购代理 机构未在规定的时间内作出答复的，可以在答复期满后十五个工作日内向同级政府采购监督管理部门投诉。 第五十六条 政府采购监督管理部门应当在收到投诉后三十个工作日内，对投诉事项作 出处理决定，并以书面形式通知投诉人和与投诉事项有关的当事人。 第五十七条 政府采购监督管理部门在处理投诉事项期间，可以视具体情况书面通知采 购人暂停采购活动，但暂停时间最长不得超过三十日。 第五十八条 投诉人对政府采购监督管理部门的投诉处理决定不服或者政府采购监督管 理部门逾期未作处理的，可以依法申请行政复议或者向人民法院提起行政诉讼。 第七章 监督检查 第五十九条 政府采购监督管理部门应当加强对政府采购活动及集中采购机构的监 督检查。 监督检查的主要内容是： （一）有关政府采购的法律、行政法规和规章的执行情况； （二）采购范围、采购方式和采购程序的执行情况； （三）政府采购人员的职业素质和专业技能。 第六十条 政府采购监督管理部门不得设置集中采购机构，不得参与政府采购项目 的采购活动。 采购代理机构与行政机关不得存在隶属关系或者其他利益关系。 第六十一条 集中采购机构应当建立健全内部监督管理制度。采购活动的决策和执 行程序应当明确，并相互监督、相互制约。经办采购的人员与负责采购合同审核、验收人员的职责权限应当明确，并相互分离。 第六十二条 集中采购机构的采购人员应当具有相关职业素质和专业技能，符合政 府采购监督管理部门规定的专业岗位任职要求。集中采购机构对其工作人员应当加强教育和培训；对采购人员的专业水平、工作实 绩和职业道德状况定期进行考核。采购人员经考核不合格的，不得继续任职。 第六十三条 政府采购项目的采购标准应当公开。 采用本法规定的采购方式的，采购人在采购活动完成后，应当将采购结果予以公布。 第六十四条 采购人必须按照本法规定的采购方式和采购程序进行采购。 任何单位和个人不得违反本法规定，要求采购人或者采购工作人员向其指定的供应商进行采购。 第六十五条 政府采购监督管理部门应当对政府采购项目的采购活动进行检查，政 府采购当事人应当如实反映情况，提供有关材料。 第六十六条 政府采购监督管理部门应当对集中采购机构的采购价格、节约资金效 果、服务质量、信誉状况、有无违法行为等事项进行考核，并定期如实公布考核结果。 第六十七条 依照法律、行政法规的规定对政府采购负有行政监督职责的政府有关 部门，应当按照其职责分工，加强对政府采购活动的监督。 第六十八条 审计机关应当对政府采购进行审计监督。政府采购监督管理部门、政 府采购各当事人有关政府采购活动，应当接受审计机关的审计监督。 第六十九条 监察机关应当加强对参与政府采购活动的国家机关、国家公务员和国 家行政机关任命的其他人员实施监察。 第七十条 任何单位和个人对政府采购活动中的违法行为，有权控告和检举，有关 部门、机关应当依照各自职责及时处理。 第八章 法律责任 第七十一条 采购人、采购代理机构有下列情形之一的，责令限期改正，给予警告， 可以并处罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，由其行政主管部门或者有关机关给予处分，并予通报： （一）应当采用公开招标方式而擅自采用其他方式采购的； （二）擅自提高采购标准的； （三）委托不具备政府采购业务代理资格的机构办理采购事务的； （四）以不合理的条件对供应商实行差别待遇或者歧视待遇的； （五）在招标采购过程中与投标人进行协商谈判的； （六）中标、成交通知书发出后不与中标、成交供应商签订采购合同的； （七）拒绝有关部门依法实施监督检查的。 第七十二条 采购人、采购代理机构及其工作人员有下列情形之一，构成犯罪的， 依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，处以罚款，有违法所得的，并处没收违法所得，属于国家机关工作人员的，依法给予行政处分： （一）与供应商或者采购代理机构恶意串通的； （二）在采购过程中接受贿赂或者获取其他不正当利益的； （三）在有关部门依法实施的监督检查中提供虚假情况的； （四）开标前泄露标底的。 第七十三条 有前两条违法行为之一影响中标、成交结果或者可能影响中标、成交 结果的，按下列情况分别处理： （一）未确定中标、成交供应商的，终止采购活动； （二）中标、成交供应商已经确定但采购合同尚未履行的，撤销合同，从合格的中 标、成交候选人中另行确定中标、成交供应商； （三）采购合同已经履行的，给采购人、供应商造成损失的，由责任人承担赔偿责 任。 第七十四条 采购人对应当实行集中采购的政府采购项目，不委托集中采购机构实 行集中采购的，由政府采购监督管理部门责令改正；拒不改正的，停止按预算向其支付资金，由其上级行政主管部门或者有关机关依法给予其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员 处分。 第七十五条 采购人未依法公布政府采购项目的采购标准和采购结果的，责令改正， 对直接负责的主管人员依法给予处分。 第七十六条 采购人、采购代理机构违反本法规定隐匿、销毁应当保存的采购文件 或者伪造、变造采购文件的，由政府采购监督管理部门处以二万元以上十万元以下的罚款，对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责 任。 第七十七条 供应商有下列情形之一的，处以采购金额千分之五以上千分之十以下 的罚款，列入不良行为记录名单，在一至三年内禁止参加政府采购活动，有违法所得的，并处没收违法所得，情节严重的，由工商行政管理机关吊销营业执照；构成犯罪的，依法追究 刑事责任： （一）提供虚假材料谋取中标、成交的； （二）采取不正当手段诋毁、排挤其他供应商的； （三）与采购人、其他供应商或者采购代理机构恶意串通的； （四）向采购人、采购代理机构行贿或者提供其他不正当利益的； （五）在招标采购过程中与采购人进行协商谈判的； （六）拒绝有关部门监督检查或者提供虚假情况的。 供应商有前款第（一）至（五）项情形之一的，中标、成交无效。 第七十八条 采购代理机构在代理政府采购业务中有违法行为的，按照有关法律规 定处以罚款，可以依法取消其进行相关业务的资格，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。 第七十九条 政府采购当事人有本法第七十一条、第七十二条、第七十七条违法行 为之一，给他人造成损失的，并应依照有关民事法律规定承担民事责任。 第八十条 政府采购监督管理部门的工作人员在实施监督检查中违反本法规定滥用 职权，玩忽职守，徇私舞弊的，依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。 第八十一条 政府采购监督管理部门对供应商的投诉逾期未作处理的，给予直接负 责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员行政处分。 第八十二条 政府采购监督管理部门对集中采购机构业绩的考核，有虚假陈述，隐 瞒真实情况的，或者不作定期考核和公布考核结果的，应当及时纠正，由其上级机关或者监察机关对其负责人进行通报，并对直接负责的人员依法给予行政处分。 集中采购机构在政府采购监督管理部门考核中，虚报业绩，隐瞒真实情况的，处以 二万元以上二十万元以下的罚款，并予以通报；情节严重的，取消其代理采购的资格。 第八十三条 任何单位或者个人阻挠和限制供应商进入本地区或者本行业政府采购 市场的，责令限期改正；拒不改正的，由该单位、个人的上级行政主管部门或者有关机关给予单位责任人或者个人处分。 第九章 附 则 第八十四条 使用国际组织和外国政府贷款进行的政府采购，贷款方、资金提供方 与中方达成的协议对采购的具体条件另有规定的，可以适用其规定，但不得损害国家利益和社会公共利益。 第八十五条 对因严重自然灾害和其他不可抗力事件所实施的紧急采购和涉及国家 安全和秘密的采购，不适用本法。 第八十六条 军事采购法规由中央军事委员会另行制定。 第八十七条 本法实施的具体步骤和办法由国务院规定。 第八十八条 本法自２００３年１月１日起施行。
THE GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT LAW OF PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Approved by the 28th Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on 29th June, 2002 Translated by Mr. Zhu Zhongliang [1] Chapter One General Provisions Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purposes of regulating government procurement activities, improving efficiency in expenditure of procurement funds, safeguarding the interests of the state and the public, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the participants in government procurements, promoting honest and clean governance. Article 2 This Law applies to all of the government procurement activities carried out within the territory of People's Republic of China. For the purpose of this Law: "Government Procurement" refers to all of the purchasing activities conducted with fiscal funds by state organs at all levels, institutions and social organizations when the goods, construction and services concerned are listed in the Centralized Procurement Catalogue (CPC) published by the government procuring regulatory authority (GPRA) or value of which exceeds the respective Prescribed Procurement Thresholds (PPT) for goods, construction or services as applicable. "CPC" and "PPT" mentioned in the previous paragraph shall be specified by the relevant authorities within their own authorization defined by this Law. "Procurement" refers to activities conducted by means of contract and by which goods, construction or services are acquired for consideration, including but not limited to purchase, lease, entrustment and employment. "Goods" refers to objects of every kind or form, including but not limited to raw materials, fuel, equipment and products. "Construction" refers to all work associated with construction, reconstruction, extension, decoration, demolition and repair or renovation of a building or structure. "Services" refers to any object of procurement rather than goods or construction. Article 3 The fundamental principles of openness and transparency, fair competition, impartiality and integrity shall be complied with in all of the government procurement activities. Article 4 When tendering and bidding procedures are followed in the procurement of construction, the existing Tendering and Bidding Law shall apply. Article 5 No entity or individual may take any action to frustrate or restrain free access by the outside suppliers to the markets of other regions or industrial markets.
Article 6 The budgets for all the procuring entities must be strictly applied as approved. Article 7 Government procurement consists of both centralized and decentralized items to be procured. The application scope for centralized items to be procured is defined in the CPC issued by the Central or Provincial Governments. When funds for centralized items to be procured are from the Central Government Budget, the applicable CPC is the one issued by the State Council; when funds are from the Local Government Budgets, the governing CPC is the one issued by the cognizant Provincial Government, or agencies with their authorization, as applicable. Centralized procurement shall be adopted for all of the items to be procured listed in the governing CPC. Article 8 When funds for centralized items to be procured are from the Central Government Budget, the applicable PPT is the one issued by the State Council; when funds are from the Local Government Budgets, the governing PPT issued by the cognizant Provincial Governments, or agencies with their authorization shall apply.. Article 9 Government procurements shall be conducted in such a matter as to facilitate achievement of the economic and social development policy goals of the state, including but not limited to environmental protection, assistance to underdeveloped or ethnic minority regions, and promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises. Article 10 Domestic goods, construction and services shall be procured for government procurement except where one of the following situations applies: 1) When needed goods, construction or services are not available within the territory of People's Republic of China or though available, cannot be acquired on reasonable commercial terms and conditions; 2) When the items to be procured are for use abroad; 3) Other circumstances provided for by laws and administrative regulations. The definitions for the domestic goods, construction or services mentioned above shall be applied with reference to relevant regulations issued by the State Council. Article 11 Information, rather than suppliers’ confidential commercial information, regarding government procurements shall be made available to the public in a timely manner through the media designated by GPRA. Article 12 When a conflict of interest occurs between the personnel carrying out specific government procurement on one side and the suppliers concerned on the other, the former shall voluntarily withdraw from the procurement proceeding. When a supplier believes that a conflict of interest exists between the personnel carrying out specific government procurement with other participating suppliers for the same procurement, it may make a claim for withdrawal of the interested persons. The relevant personnel referred to in the preceding paragraph mean the members of the bid evaluation committee for government procurement conducted by tendering, the negotiation group for procurements conducted by competitive negotiation, and the request group for procurement conducted by requests for quotations. Article 13 The Ministry of Finance of the State Council and its subordinate counterparts in local governments are the legitimate GPRA responsible for exercising powers and fulfilling duties relating to the administration and supervision on government procurement activities. Chapter Two Procuring PartiesArticle 14 The term “parties to government procurement proceedings” (PGPP) refers to those participating entities that enjoy rights and undertake obligations in government procurement proceedings, including procuring entities, suppliers and procuring intermediaries. Article 15 The term “procuring entities” refers to state organs, institutions and social organizations that engage in government procurements. Article 16 The term “institutions for centralized government procurement” (ICGP) refers to procurement intermediaries. Local governments at the levels of autonomous prefectures or prefectures with districts are entitled to set up the ICGPs on their own when they consider necessary. The ICGPs are the not-for-profit institutions, qualifying as a legal entity, that conduct government procurement proceedings. Article 17 The requirements for a lower-than-average market price, high efficiency, good quality of goods and services shall be satisfied by ICGPs when conducting government procurement activities. Article 18 Items listed in the CPC shall be procured by the ICGP on behalf of the procuring entities concerned. Items not listed in the CPC may be procured either by the procuring entities themselves or by the cognizant ICGP on their behalf. Items listed in the CPC that are general in nature shall be procured by an ICGP on behalf of the procurement entity concerned; Items listed in the CPC with standard departmental specifications shall be grouped by the procurement intermediary into large-scale procurements for the entire department in question; Items listed in the CPC for which individual procuring entities have special requirements may be procured by the procuring entities themselves subject to the approval of the GPRA of the State Council or Provincial Government, as applicable. Article 19 Procuring entities may entrust commercial procuring intermediaries (CPI) certified by the relevant authorities in the State Council or Provincial Governments to perform the procurement activities stipulated in the government procurement contract on their behalf. The procuring entities referred to in the preceding paragraph are entitled to choose the CPI on their own, no unit or individual is allowed to designate, in any form or by any means, the procuring intermediary for the procuring entity. Article 20 When a procuring intermediary is entrusted to carry out the procurement activities, the procuring entity in question shall conclude an agency agreement in which the entrusted affairs are defined and the rights and obligations for both sides are included. Article 21 The term “suppliers” refers to the legal entities, other organizations not qualifying as a legal entity or natural persons that provides goods, construction or services to the procuring entities. Article 22 The following requirements shall be satisfied by the suppliers that participate in government procurement: 1) Capacity to assume civil liabilities independently; 2) A good commercial reputation and sound financial and accounting management; 3) Equipment and professional expertise needed to perform government procurement contract; 4) A clean record of paying taxes and making financial contributions to the social security funds; 5) No material breaches of law in its business operation in the three years prior to participation in the present procurement; 6) Other requirements provided for in laws and administrative regulations. A procuring entity may define additional qualification requirements for suppliers in accordance with special needs of a particular procurement, provided that they are not unreasonable requirements that result in discriminatory treatment of potential suppliers. Article 23 The procuring entity is entitled to require the participating suppliers to submit the documentation regarding their certificates for competence and their past business performances and to review the submitted qualifications of the suppliers against the general requirements provided in this Law and additional special ones tailored to the specific items to be procured for by the individual procuring entities. Article 24 More than two natural persons, legal persons or other organizations may be organized as a consortium to participate in government procurement activities as a single entity representing all of the participating suppliers. When a consortium is formed, each member must meet the qualification requirements set forth in Article 22 of this Law and, in addition, a consortium agreement must be submitted to the procuring entity in question clearly stating each member’s contributions to the project being procured as well as each member’s obligations. The consortium shall enter into a government procurement contract with the procuring entity on behalf of all of the members in which the joint and several liabilities among shall be stipulated. Article 25 PGPPs are not allowed to collude among each another to injure the state’s interests, the public’s interests and the legitimate rights and interests of other relevant parties to the government procurement proceedings, and they are prohibited from taking any action to preclude other potential suppliers from participating in government procurement proceedings. Suppliers are not allowed to attempt to become the final successful bidder or conclude the government procurement contract by bribing the people in charge in the procuring entities, the procuring intermediaries, or members of the bid evaluation committee in the case of the public tendering, the negotiation group in the case of the competitive negotiation and the request committee in the case of the request for quotations, or by other inappropriate means. Procurement intermediaries are not allowed to obtain illegal benefits through bribery or other inappropriate means. Chapter Three Methods of ProcurementArticle 26 The following methods of government procurements are available: 1) Public tendering; 2) Selective procurement; 3) Competitive negotiation; 4) Single-source procurement; 5) Request for quotations; 6) Other methods permitted by the GPRA of the State Council. Article 27 When the public tendering method is adopted by the procuring entity for procurement of goods or services, if funding for the procurement is from the Central Government Budget, the PPT shall be determined by the State Council; if funding is from the Local Government Budgets, the PPT shall be determined by the provincial government concerned. When a method of procurement other than the public tendering is adopted, approval must be obtained in advance from the cognizant GPRA of the Central Government or Local Governments. Article 28 Procuring entities may not avoid public tendering by desegregating an item to be procured. Article 29 For procurements of goods or services when one of the following conditions is satisfied, The selective procurement may be adopted: 1) When the procurement in question has special characteristics that limit the number of potentially qualified suppliers; 2) When the cost of public tendering method is unreasonably disproportionate to the total value of the items to be procured. Article 30 For procurements of goods or services when one of the following conditions is satisfied, the competitive negotiation may be adopted:: 1) When the bid submission deadline for a tendering procedure has passed with no bid presented, or with no qualified bid presented, or in the event of a failure of re-tendering; 2) When it is infeasible to prepare the detailed specifications or specific requirements because of the technical complexity or specialized nature; 3) When tendering would take so long that the urgent needs of the procuring entity could not be satisfied in a timely manner; 4) When the total value of the item to be procured cannot be determined in advance. Article 31 For procurements of goods or services when one of the following conditions is satisfied, the single-source method may be adopted:: 1) When only one supplier is qualified to supply the items to be procured; 2) When it is infeasible to procure from other suppliers due to an unexpected emergency; 3) When consistency or compatibility of services require procurement of additional services from the same supplier, provided that the total value of the additional procurement does not exceed 10 percent of the value of the base government procurement contract. Article 32 The request for quotations method may be adopted for those procurements of goods the standards and specifications of which are uniform and supplies of which in storage are sufficient with little fluctuation in price. Chapter Four Government Procurement ProceedingArticle 33 When the budgetary entities in charge of the departmental budgetary affairs as a whole draft their budget plans for the next fiscal year, the items to be procured and the funds required shall be included and submitted to the relevant financial departments for compilation. Examination and approval of these budgetary entities’ budgets shall be conducted in accordance with budgetary administration procedures and authorities. Article 34 When the invitation for tendering method is adopted for the procurement of goods and services, the procuring entity shall randomly choose three or more suppliers from those with the qualifications required, and dispatch invitation documents to them. Article 35 When the public tendering method is adopted for the procurement of goods and services, the time period from issuance of the tender documents to the bid submission deadline shall not be less than 20 days. Article 36 When one of the following circumstances occurs, the tendering proceeding shall be annulled: 1) If less than three bidders satisfy the required criteria or fewer than three bidders who are materially responsive to the tender solicitation document; 2) If violations of laws or regulations occur that may impair; 3) If all the prices offered by the bidders in their bids exceed the budgets approved for the procuring entity concerned and the procuring entity is not able to afford the excess; 4) If the procurement project is cancelled due to the subsequent occurrence of extraordinary changes in circumstances. Once the tendering proceeding is annulled, the procuring entity shall inform all the bidders of the reasons for the annulment. Article 37 After annulment, the tendering proceeding shall be reorganized unless the item being procured is cancelled; when other procurement methods are applied, the approval shall be obtained in advance from the GPRA on government procurement or other relevant authorities. Article 38 The following procedure shall be followed when the competitive negotiation method is adopted: 1) Setting up the negotiation group the number of whose members consisting of the procuring entities’ representatives and the relevant experts shall be odd and more than 3, among which the expert members shall be no fewer than two thirds of the total; 2) Drafting the negotiation documents which shall include the negotiation procedure and content, the terms of the draft contract and the criteria for evaluating and selecting the bidders are included; 3) Defining the namelist of the suppliers participating in the negotiation. The negotiation group chooses three or more among all the qualified suppliers in the namelist and afterwards presents them the documents for negotiation; 4) Negotiating. All members of the negotiation group work together to negotiate with the individual suppliers respectively and separately. In the negotiation process neither side of the negotiation is allowed to disclose any information concerning technical specifications and price. When the material changes occur, all the suppliers participating in the negotiation shall be informed in writing. 5) Selecting the successful supplier. Once the negotiation is concluded, the negotiation group shall require all the suppliers participating in the negotiation to provide their final offering prices by the specified time. The procuring entity chooses the supplier for the government procurement contract from the qualified candidates recommended by the negotiation group on the basis of the lowest price but satisfying the qualitative criteria as required by the procuring entity concerned. Article 39 When the single-source procurement method is adopted, the procuring entities and suppliers shall follow the principles provided for by this Law. The procurement shall be carried out on the basis of good quality and reasonable price. Article 40 When the request for quotations method is adopted, the following procedures shall be followed: 1) Setting up the request group the number of whose members consisting of the procuring entities’ representatives and the relevant experts shall be odd and more than 3, among which the expert members shall be no fewer than two thirds of the total. The request group shall determine the pricing structure for the item being procured and the criteria for evaluation on suppliers. 2) Defining the namelist of the requested suppliers. The request group chooses three or more among all the qualified suppliers in the namelist and provides them with the request notice for soliciting the prices. 3) Request for quotations. The request group requires the requested suppliers to declare their prices which are fixed and not subject to subsequent changes on the part of suppliers concerned. 4) Selecting the successful supplier. The procuring entity selects the supplier for the government procurement contract from the qualified candidates on the basis of the lowest price but satisfying the qualitative criteria as required by the procuring entity concerned and are obliged to inform all the other requested suppliers of the final result. Article 41 The procuring entities or the procuring intermediaries shall conduct inspection and receive the performance of the government procurement contract. When the procurement project is complex and large-scale, the certified institutions for quality inspection shall be invited. The people participating in the examination process shall sign their names on the inspection report based on which they will be subject to the corresponding legal liabilities. Article 42 The procuring entities or the procuring intermediaries shall appropriately store all the procurement documents relating to every procuring action in the procurement process for each procurement, which shall not be subject to fabrication, concealment or destruction. The storage period for the procurement documents shall be no less than 15 years starting at the time of completion of the procurement proceeding. The procurement records shall include the followings: 1) Types and names of the items to be procured; 2) Budget, funds structure and price of the government procurement contract; 3) Procurement method, when a procurement method other than public tendering is adopted, the reasons shall be included for justification; 4) Qualification requirements and reasons for inviting or selecting the successful suppliers; 5) Bid evaluation criteria and reasons for selecting the final awardee; 6) Reasons for canceling the tendering proceeding, if applicable; 7) Approval of the procurement methods other than the public tendering. Chapter Five Government Procurement Contract Article 43 The Contract Law applies to the government procurement contract in which the rights and liabilities are agreed on the basis of equality and voluntariness of both sides. The procuring entity may entrust the procuring intermediary to enter into a government procurement contract on its behalf. When the government procurement contract is entered into by the procuring intermediary in the name of the procuring entity in question, the entrustment document shall be presented to the contractor as a supplementary attachment to the contract. Article 44 The government procurement contract shall be made in written form. Article 45 The GPRA of the State Council shall regulate the essential clauses in the government procurement contract in consultation with the other relevant authorities. Article 46 The procuring entity and its contractor shall enter into the government procurement contract pursuant to the requirements set forth in the procurement documents within 30 days from the time of dispatching the notice of acceptance to the supplier that was selected as the successful bidder. The award notice is legally binding to both the procuring entity and the contractor supplier. After the notice of acceptance is dispatched, if the procuring entity alters the final result of the tendering proceeding, or when the successful bidders withdraw from the signed contract, each contracting party, respectively, shall be legally liable for the resulting consequences. Article 47 The procuring entity shall submit a copy of the government procurement contract to the GPRA at the same level of the jurisdiction as its own and the relevant authority for reference within 7 working days after the time of entering into the government procurement contract. Article 48 The successful supplier may perform the government procurement contract by subcontracting subject to the consent from the procuring entity. When the procurement is subcontracted to perform, the successful supplier as a principal contractor is responsible to the procuring entity for both the whole procurement project and its subcontracted parts while the subcontractors are responsible only for the subcontracted portion of the procurement which they undertake. Article 49 In administering a government procurement, when the procuring entity procures additional goods, construction or services of the same nature as the base government procurement contract, a supplemental contract can be entered into with the same contractor so long as the total value for all the additional procurements does not exceed 10 percent of that of the principal contract. Article 50 Without authorization, the contracting parties to the government procurement contract are not allowed to alter, suspend or terminate the contract. When the continuing performance of the government procurement contract is detrimental to the state interests or the interests of the public, the parties to the contract shall alter, suspend or terminate the contract. The party at fault is liable to the other for indemnification; when both parties to the contract are at fault to some extent, they are liable to each other for the consequences caused by themselves. Chapter Six Challenge and Complaint Article 51 Suppliers may submit queries regarding the procurement proceedings to the procuring entity who shall make a timely response but without disclosing suppliers' confidential information. Article 52 When a supplier believes that the procurement documents, procurement proceeding or the final results of the procurement are detrimental to its own interest, it can make complaint to the procuring entity in writing within 7 working days from the time when it knows or shall have known the damages incurred. Article 53 The procuring entity shall respond to the challenge in writing within 7 working days of receipt, and inform the protesting suppliers and other suppliers of the response in writing which shall not involve the commercial know-how. Article 54 When the procuring intermediary is entrusted to undertake the procurement on behalf of the procuring entity, the suppliers may instead make a request or challenge to the intermediary who shall reply regarding matters within the scope of its entrustment pursuant to Article 51 and Article 53 of this Law. Article 55 When the complaining supplier is not satisfied with the response by the procuring entity or the procuring intermediary, or when the response is not given within the prescribed period, the appeal may be made to the GPRA at the same level as that of the procuring entity within 15 working days of expiration of the prescribed response period. Article 56 The GPRA shall make its decision on the appeal within 30 working days after receiving the complaint and inform the appellant and other relevant parties of the results in writing. Article 57 Depending on the circumstances, the GPRA may issue a suspension order in writing to the procuring entity during the period of dealing with the appeal but the suspension period shall not exceed a maximum of 30 days. Article 58 When the appellant is not satisfied with the decision of the GPRA or when it does not make a decision within the prescribed period, the supplier shall have the option of filing for either administrative review or judicial litigation. Chapter Seven Examination and Supervision Article 59 The GPRA shall strengthen its examination and supervision over procurement activities and the ICGPs’ work. The examination and supervision involve the following main aspects: 1) Enforcement of the laws and regulations concerning government procurement; 2) Implementation of the procurement scope, methods and procedures; 3) Professional qualifications and ethical performance of the procuring personnel. Article 60 A GPRA is not allowed to set up an ICGP on its own, and shall not be involved in procurement activities. The procuring intermediaries shall not have any subordinate relationship or other relationship of interest with the GPRA. Article 61 ICGPs shall establish a sound internal control and supervision system with a clearly decision-making mechanism featuring checks and balances among internal departments. The powers and duties of the people engaging in the procurement proceedings shall be clearly separated from those responsible for the review and approval of the government procurement contract. Article 62 The procuring personnel in the ICGPs shall possess the relevant qualifications and professional skills to be qualified for the requirements specially set forth for their jobs. The ICGP shall strengthen the education and on-the-job training for its staff, regularly examine and evaluate their professional capacities, working performance and professional ethics. Those who fail in the examination are not allowed to continue to retain their jobs. Article 63 The standards for a given government procurement shall be disclosed to the public. When the procurement methods provided in the law are adopted, the final results of the procurement shall be publicized on completion of the procurement proceeding. Article 64 The procuring entity shall carry out its procurements according to the methods and procedures provided for in this Law. No individual or unit is allowed to require, in breach of this Law, the procuring entity or its staff to procure from the designated suppliers. Article 65 The GPRA shall examine and inspect the procurement activities, and the procuring parties are obliged to tell the truth and submit the relevant materials as requested. Article 66 The GPRA shall assess the performance of the ICGPs with respect to procurement price, cost-effectiveness, reputation and compliance with law on a regular basis, and regularly publish final assessment reports. Article 67 In order to enhance the effectiveness of monitoring government procurement activities, powers and duties relating to administrative regulations of government procurement should be clearly allocated among relevant government authorities. Article 68 Auditing authorities shall exercise their supervisory powers over the government procurements, and the GPRA and the PGPPs shall subject themselves to their auditing examination. Article 69 The supervision authorities shall strengthen their oversight over the relevant persons in the state organs, civil servants and others participating in the procurement proceedings. Article 70 Any individual or unit has the right to accuse or inform violations of this Law in the government procurement proceeding, and the relevant authorities shall resolve the matters in a timely manner authorized. Chapter Eight Legal Liabilities Article 71 When one of the following acts is committed by the procuring entity or the procuring intermediary, a correction order or a disciplinary warning shall be issued and a fine may be jointly imposed if necessary. The executives in charge or other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be disciplined by their affiliated administrative authorities or GPRA, and a notice of discipline shall be circulated: 1) When the public tendering method shall be adopted but other procurement methods are used without relevant authorization in advance; 2) When the criteria for the items being procured are modified as more difficult to be satisfied without authorization; 3) When a procuring intermediary without the required qualifications is entrusted to conduct a procurement; 4) When a supplier suffers discriminatory or unfavorable treatment without reasonable justification; 5) When, in the course of public tendering proceedings, negotiation with bidders occurs; 6) When the government procurement contract is not entered into with the successful supplier after the dispatching of the notice of acceptance. 7) When cognizant authorities exercising their monitoring powers are rejected. Article 72 When one of the following acts is committed by the procuring entity or the procuring intermediary and their staff: the relevant persons shall be prosecuted if a crime is constituted; if no crime is constituted, a fine shall be imposed; if illegal benefits arise, confiscation shall be jointly imposed; if the wrongdoers are civil servants, they shall be subjected to administrative discipline: 1) Maliciously colluding with suppliers or a procuring intermediary; 2) Accepting bribes or acquiring other improper interests and benefits; 3) Misrepresenting to the relevant authorities when exercising their legitimate supervision and inspection; 4) Divulging the base amount of a tender without authorization; Article 73 When one of the offenses provided for in the immediately preceding two articles in this Law has in fact impaired or is likely to have impaired the award, the solutions are as follows: 1) When the successful supplier has not yet been determined, the procurement proceeding shall be suspended; 2) When the successful supplier has been determined but the government procurement contract has not yet been performed, the government procurement contract shall be rescinded and a new awardee shall be selected from among the remaining participating suppliers; 3) When the government procurement contract has been performed and losses or injuries are caused to the procuring entity or intermediary, the wrongdoers shall be liable for indemnification. Article 74 When the procuring entity fails to entrust the ICGP to procure the items listed in the CPC as required by the law, the PRA shall issue an order for correction; for those who refuse to implement such an order, the payment of budgetary funds shall be suspended, and the executives in charge or other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be disciplined by the government authority at a higher level above their affiliated governmental department or by other relevant authorities. Article 75 When the procuring entity does not publish the criteria for a given procurement or its award of contract, an order for correction shall be issued and the executives in charge shall be disciplined for the offenses. Article 76 When the procuring entity, in violation of this Law, conceals, destroys procurement records that are required to be appropriately maintained, or falsifies or counterfeits procurement records, the GPRA shall impose a fine in a range of 20,000 to 100,000 RMB. The officials in charge and other personnel with direct responsibility for the offense shall be disciplined; when a crime is constituted, it shall be prosecuted. Article 77 When one of the following circumstances occur to a supplier, a fine ranging from 0.5% to 1% of the total procurement value of itself shall be imposed, and the offending suppliers shall be listed in the blacklist of those with misconduct dependant on which they shall be disqualified for subsequent procurements; when illegal benefits arise, they shall be confiscated; when the offense is materially serious, their business licenses shall be revoked; when a crime is constituted, it shall be prosecuted. 1) False representations in the bidding documents in an attempt to win the contract; 2) Using inappropriate means to defame or exclude other suppliers; 3) Maliciously colluding with the procuring entity, other suppliers or the procuring intermediary; 4) Bribing or providing illegal interests and benefits to the procuring entity or intermediary; 5) Negotiating surreptitiously with the procuring entity in a public tendering proceeding; 6) Refusing examination and inspection by the relevant authorities or making misrepresentation; When one of the first five circumstances in the preceding paragraph of this article occurs, the final result of the tender shall be invalidated. Article 78 When the procuring intermediary in the procurement proceeding, in violation of this Law, commits an offense, a fine shall be imposed pursuant to the relevant laws and regulations, and the license for its business shall be revoked; when a crime is constituted, the responsible persons shall be prosecuted. Article 79 When one of the offenses in article 71, 72 and 77 occurs to the procuring parties and losses are committed, they shall be liable for the consequences pursuant to the civil laws. Article 80 When the officials in the GPRA, in violation of this Law, abuse their powers, neglect their duties or commit irregularities for favoritism, they shall be subject to administrative discipline; when a crime is constituted, they shall be prosecuted. Article 81 When the GPRA fails to respond within the prescribed period to an appeal submitted to by the supplier, the officials in charge or other officials with direct responsibilities shall be subject to administrative disciplines. Article 82 When the officials in the GPRA misrepresents or conceal the truth about the performance of a procuring intermediary, or when regular evaluations are not carried out or results of the evaluation are not published, prompt corrective action shall be taken. The officials in charge shall be disciplined by circulating the notice of offenses while those with direct responsibilities shall be subject to administrative discipline. Article 83 When any individual or unit attempts to frustrate or restrict the accessibility of their suppliers to the geographic or industrial procurement markets, corrective action shall be taken within the specified period; if the order for correction is neglected, the government authority at the higher level of its affiliated department or other relevant authorities shall hold accountable those officials in charge or other individuals with responsibility. Chapter Nine Supplementary Provisions Article 84 When a government procurement is conducted with loans from foreign governments or international organizations, the specific requirements in the loan contract which are different from those in this Law shall prevail if they are not detrimental to the state interests and the public's interests. Article 85 This Law does not apply to the emergency procurements for natural disasters or other kinds of force majeure, or those procurements that involve state security or state secrets. Article 86 Laws and regulations regarding military procurement shall be separately enacted by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China. Article 87 Detailed procedures and methods shall be subsequently formulated by the State Council. Article 88 This Law shall enter into force as of January 1st of 2003.
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